Dump Truck Pre-Trip Inspection Checklist: DOT-Compliant Daily Safety Guide

Begin by walking around the dump truck, looking for obvious issues like leaning, low tires, fluid puddles beneath the vehicle, or visible damage. This initial scan can alert you to major problems before you begin the detailed inspection.

Check that all required documentation is present and valid, including registration, insurance, CDL, medical certificate, previous inspection reports, and any necessary permits for your planned operation.

With the engine cold, check all fluid levels including engine oil, coolant, power steering fluid, transmission fluid, and windshield washer fluid. Look for proper color and consistency of each fluid, as discoloration can indicate problems.

Examine all accessible belts for proper tension, signs of glazing, cracks, or fraying. Check hoses for softness, hardening, cracks, or bulges, paying special attention to points where hoses bend or connect to other components.

Inspect the alternator, water pump, air compressor, and other accessible components for security and signs of damage. Check wiring connections for tightness and look for any signs of rubbing or wear on electrical harnesses.

Systematically check all exterior lights, including headlights (high and low beam), turn signals, clearance lights, brake lights, reverse lights, and warning flashers. This step often requires a second person or can be done by viewing reflections in a building or other surface.

Examine each tire for proper inflation, adequate tread depth, and signs of damage or uneven wear. Check wheel rims for cracks or damage, and verify all lug nuts are present and tight with no signs of rusting or "bleeding" around the edges (which indicates looseness).

Inspect leaf springs, air bags, shock absorbers, and mounting brackets for cracks, misalignment, or damage. Check the frame for cracks or bends, paying special attention to stress points like spring hangers and cross members.

Check brake drums/rotors, linings/pads (where visible), brake chambers, slack adjusters, and air lines. Look for signs of wear, leaks, or damage. Verify proper adjustment of slack adjusters (usually 1 to 1½ inches of push rod travel).

Thoroughly examine all hydraulic hoses, fittings, cylinders, and rams for leaks, wear, or damage. Pay special attention to areas where hoses might rub against the frame or other components during dumping operations.

Inspect the dump body for cracks, bent areas, or damage, especially at stress points like corners and the tailgate area. Check hinges, pins, and bushings for excessive wear. Verify the tailgate operating mechanism functions properly and latches securely.

Check that the body prop or safety support is present and functioning correctly. This critical safety device prevents the dump body from falling during maintenance or in case of hydraulic failure.

Start the engine following proper procedures, watching for unusual noises or excessive smoke. Observe all gauges to ensure they register in normal ranges. Verify that indicator lights illuminate during startup and then extinguish appropriately.

Conduct a complete air brake test, including build-up time, governor operation, static leak test, applied leak test, low air warning, and spring brake activation test. These tests verify that the air brake system meets all safety and regulatory requirements.

With the engine running at proper operating temperature, engage the PTO and test the dump body operation through a complete raise and lower cycle. Listen for unusual noises and watch for jerky movement that could indicate air in the system or other problems.

Test the service brakes, parking brake, steering, horn, wipers, washers, and all lighting systems from the driver's position. Verify all switches and controls operate smoothly and effectively.