Detailed Inspection Procedures
Follow these step-by-step procedures for key inspection areas on your trailer to ensure thoroughness and compliance with DOT regulations under 49 CFR 396 for all commercial vehicles operating in interstate commerce.
- Check brake adjustment with trailer wheels chocked
- Measure pushrod travel at 90-100 psi application pressure
- Verify standard stroke chamber: maximum 1.75" travel
- Verify long stroke chamber: maximum 2" or 2.5" (based on size)
- Check for air leaks (pressure drop should not exceed 4 psi/minute)
- Inspect brake lining for minimum thickness (1/4")
- Ensure air lines are properly secured with no leaks
- Verify glad hands and connections are in good condition
- Confirm brake chambers are secured with no damage or leaks
- Check ABS system functioning (no warning lights)
- Check trailer for proper coupling height
- Verify fifth wheel jaws are properly locked around kingpin
- Ensure release handle is in locked position
- Conduct "tug test" to confirm secure coupling
- Inspect for wear, damage, and proper lubrication
- Verify trailer is supported by tractor (not landing gear)
- Check kingpin and apron for cracks or damage
- Ensure adequate lubrication on contact surfaces
- Verify landing gear is fully raised and secure
- Confirm no space between upper and lower fifth wheel
- Check tread depth using gauge (minimum 2/32")
- Inspect for proper inflation (use calibrated gauge)
- Look for cuts, bulges, or sidewall damage
- Check for dual tire spacing (no objects between)
- Verify all lug nuts are present and tight
- Inspect for signs of wheel-end overheating
- Look for oil leaks from wheel seals or hubs
- Check axle alignment (no tracking issues)
- Verify axle mounting hardware is secure
- Confirm suspension components are in good condition
- Turn on all lights and walk around trailer
- Test brake lights with assistant or reflective surface
- Verify turn signals in all directions
- Check ABS malfunction lamp during startup
- Inspect all marker lights (amber sides, red rear)
- Verify all required reflectors and retroreflective tape
- Ensure license plate light is functioning
- Check that electrical connections are secure
- Verify no exposed wires or damaged connections
- Confirm all lights are clean and unobstructed
- Check cargo is properly distributed (weight balance)
- Verify adequate number of tie-downs for cargo type
- Inspect tie-downs for good condition (no significant wear)
- Confirm working load limits are adequate for cargo weight
- Ensure cargo is secured against forward movement
- Verify edge protection is used where needed
- Check chains/straps are properly tensioned
- Ensure there is no risk of cargo falling or leaking
- Verify cargo weight is within trailer capacity
- Check that load is secured against all directions of movement
- Verify frame rails are intact (no cracks, bends, damage)
- Check crossmembers are secure and undamaged
- Inspect floor condition (no holes or damage)
- Check side panels/walls are in good condition
- Verify roof is intact with no leaks (if applicable)
- Ensure ICC bumper is present and secure
- Check body attachments and fasteners are secure
- Verify there are no sharp edges or protrusions
- Inspect structural supports for integrity
- Check for corrosion or rust that may compromise integrity
- Verify USDOT number is displayed and legible
- Check company name is displayed properly
- Confirm license plate is valid and properly mounted
- Verify registration is current and available
- Check annual inspection sticker is current (if applicable)
- Verify IFTA decals are current and visible (if applicable)
- Confirm hazardous materials placards if required (and correct)
- Check previous DVIR is on file and defects corrected
- Verify vehicle permit documentation is complete
- Confirm all required documentation is accessible for inspection
- Inspect refrigeration unit functionality (if applicable)
- Check reefer fuel level is adequate (if applicable)
- Verify hydraulic lines and fittings (no leaks/damage)
- Inspect bulk tanker valves and seals (if applicable)
- Check container chassis locking pins are functional
- Verify converter dolly (if applicable) functions properly
- Ensure sliding tandem is positioned correctly and locked
- Check specialized equipment for load is properly secured
- Verify lift gates are operational (if equipped)
- Inspect specialized systems specific to trailer type
DOT Compliance Pro Tips
- Document Everything: DOT regulations require proper documentation of all inspections. Keep records for at least 12 months (or longer, depending on company policy). Digital records through systems like HVI APP are fully compliant with 49 CFR 396.
- DVIR Requirements: Under 49 CFR 396.11, drivers must submit a Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR) at the end of each day for each vehicle operated. Any defects must be properly documented and addressed before the vehicle is operated again.
- Know OOS Criteria: Familiarize yourself with CVSA Out-of-Service criteria. These are the standards that roadside inspectors use to determine if a vehicle should be placed out of service. Being aware of these criteria helps you identify critical safety issues.
- Regular Training: Ensure all drivers receive regular training on proper inspection techniques and documentation requirements. This helps maintain compliance and improves safety outcomes.